Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay is a process in medical diagnostics where specific protein molecules are calibrated or if they are present in a given sample. This is mainly used in figuring out if there is any disease or innate conditions in a person to adhere adequate medication as soon as possible.
One of these examples is for HIV, where it finds antibodies related to the virus inside the blood. Another would be for the thyroid glands, and the common equipment that are used in laboratories are Thyroid ELISA kits. These kits are used for studying the thyroid glands, as well as other types of kits are used for other body parts.
In general, ELISA is also used for tests in illegal drug use. It also helps determine the allergic reactions towards food for a person. It is widely used as a tool in plant pathology, and also in quality control check in some industries. How to determine this is through the intensity of the color change of each sample of the patient.
Two types of ELISA tests are widely used in laboratories. The first one is indirect which detects the antibodies in a given sample. An example for indirect is HIV testing, where it detects the antibodies in the sample which are against the virus. The second one is called capture or sandwich. It detects the antigens and then capture them between two antibodies. A good sample for this would be on pregnancy tests which detects the hCG or the human chorionic gonadotropin.
Blood is the usual collection, as well as urine samples. These samples are then placed in a test tube or test slide, and then sent to the laboratory for the testing and analysis. At the laboratory, it will be tested if the targeted antigen or antibody is present within the blood or urine.
A centrifuge is used to make a blood serum which is used during the tests. The centrifuge would separate the compositions of the blood which are the cells and the plasma. A blood serum is the actual sample used in tests, and the clotting feature is actually taken out already.
One common enzyme used for detection is the Horseradish Peroxidase. It separates the Ortho Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride from Tetramethylbenzidine. The resulting color would be yellow which can be measured also for its optical density using a plate reader. Through light absorbance, OPD is measured in a wavelength of 490 nanometers and TMB is measured at 450 nanometers.
When the patient is thought to have a known disease or condition, the blood or urine sample will have specific antibodies which will react to the testings. These antibodies will latch itself to the antigens which are the specific bonding agents in the test. After that, the samples will be washed with a solution in order for it to remove everything else except for the antigens or also the antibodies.
To get results through color changes, enzyme solutions would be added to the samples to get either a positive or a negative result. But there is a certain possibility for the test results to give a false positive. A false positive is when a sample has no infection or whatever but still gives a positive result. Even so, ELISA tests are reliable and considered to be a standard in the immunology community.
One of these examples is for HIV, where it finds antibodies related to the virus inside the blood. Another would be for the thyroid glands, and the common equipment that are used in laboratories are Thyroid ELISA kits. These kits are used for studying the thyroid glands, as well as other types of kits are used for other body parts.
In general, ELISA is also used for tests in illegal drug use. It also helps determine the allergic reactions towards food for a person. It is widely used as a tool in plant pathology, and also in quality control check in some industries. How to determine this is through the intensity of the color change of each sample of the patient.
Two types of ELISA tests are widely used in laboratories. The first one is indirect which detects the antibodies in a given sample. An example for indirect is HIV testing, where it detects the antibodies in the sample which are against the virus. The second one is called capture or sandwich. It detects the antigens and then capture them between two antibodies. A good sample for this would be on pregnancy tests which detects the hCG or the human chorionic gonadotropin.
Blood is the usual collection, as well as urine samples. These samples are then placed in a test tube or test slide, and then sent to the laboratory for the testing and analysis. At the laboratory, it will be tested if the targeted antigen or antibody is present within the blood or urine.
A centrifuge is used to make a blood serum which is used during the tests. The centrifuge would separate the compositions of the blood which are the cells and the plasma. A blood serum is the actual sample used in tests, and the clotting feature is actually taken out already.
One common enzyme used for detection is the Horseradish Peroxidase. It separates the Ortho Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride from Tetramethylbenzidine. The resulting color would be yellow which can be measured also for its optical density using a plate reader. Through light absorbance, OPD is measured in a wavelength of 490 nanometers and TMB is measured at 450 nanometers.
When the patient is thought to have a known disease or condition, the blood or urine sample will have specific antibodies which will react to the testings. These antibodies will latch itself to the antigens which are the specific bonding agents in the test. After that, the samples will be washed with a solution in order for it to remove everything else except for the antigens or also the antibodies.
To get results through color changes, enzyme solutions would be added to the samples to get either a positive or a negative result. But there is a certain possibility for the test results to give a false positive. A false positive is when a sample has no infection or whatever but still gives a positive result. Even so, ELISA tests are reliable and considered to be a standard in the immunology community.
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